NINTH LESSON: APA 7th Edition References

 Hello and welcome to another lesson.



In today's lesson, we are going to see how to make references in APA 7th Edition style.



First of all, why is it important to put references and citations on your work?

Well, it is important because you can be accused of doing plagiarism, also by putting references or citations, you are supporting all the information that you wrote in your work.

In formal writing, we have two main sections in which we have to apply APA.

As mentioned before, these are in-text citations and references.

In-text citation

The in-text citation uses the author's last name and the year of publication.

"The first step is you have to say that you can" (Smith, 2015).
According to Smith (2015) "The first step is you have to say that you can"

If the quote or phrase that you are citing is on a particular page, put the number.


"The first step is you have to say that you can" (Smith, 2015,p.90).
According to Smith (2015,p.90) "The first step is you have to say that you can"

If the source doesn't have a page number you could mention the paragraph number.

The first step is you have to say that you can" (Smith, 2015, para. 9).
According to Smith (2015, para. 9) "The first step is you have to say that you can"

Short quotations

For quotations of fewer than 40 words, add quotation marks around the words and incorporate the quote into your own text.

Example: Effective teams can be difficult to describe because “high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along with another” (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).

Long quotations

If you have more than 40 words. We omit quotation marks. The quote has to start in a new line, intended ½ inch from the left margin.

Example:  Jones (1998, p. 199) stated that: Students often had difficulty using the APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. 

Paraphrasing

If you are paraphrasing you only need to make a reference to the author and the year of publication.

Example:

According to Smith (2015), we have to trust in ourselves.
We have to trust in ourselves (Smith,2015).

We only need paraphrasing when the original text is very technical and difficult to understand, the original text is too long, and we want to summarize it, or when the original text is in another, language and we have to translate it.

Other in-text citations...

One author 

Smith (2015) 

Two authors

Obama and Trump (2019)
(Obama & Trump, 2019)

 If you include the authors in your sentence, use the word “and.” If you use the names in the citations, use the ampersand (&)

Three or more authors

(Smith. et al.,) citations

As Smith et al (2019).... within a sentence

No author

If there is not an author, write the title next to the year of publication, and if you do not have the year put n.d. ( no date).

According to (" Chaos in North America", 2019)

(Smith, n.d.)

REFERENCES

Now, to end this lesson, I am going to show you how to make references.

A reference is going to mention the work or works in which the quotes were obtained.

It is going to be always at the end of the work.

It goes double-spaced.

The sources must have French indentation.


REFERENCE FORMAT

Author. date. tittle. source

EXAMPLE: 

Thomas, H. K. (2004). Training strategies for improving listeners‘ comprehension of foreign-accented speech (Doctoral dissertation). University of Colorado, Boulder. 


Books(PRINT VERSION)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year published). Book title. Publisher name.

EXAMPLE: Quirós S.A. (2017). The theory of human beings. Santillana.

Books (ELECTRONIC VERSION)

Author, A. A. (Year published). Title of book. Publisher or Sponsor. URL of publication's home page

EXAMPLE: 

Tara, K.O.  (2013).  The theory of human beings. https://www.theorybooks.com/the/theory/of/human/beings/74904379/891861             


Magazines (PRINT VERSION)

Date: month for monthlies / month and day for weeklies.

Author, A. A. (Date published). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume (Issue), pp-pp.

EXAMPLE: Kelly. C.V. (2022,February 12). The theory of human beings. Vogue, 23- 8,9.

Magazines (ELECTRONIC VERSION)

Author, A. A. (Date published). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume(Issue), pp-pp. URL of magazine's home page

EXAMPLE: 

Kelly. C.V. (2022,February 12). The theory of human beings. Vogue, 23- 8,9. https://www.vogue.com/the/theory/of/human/beings/vogue//74904379/891861         

  

NEWSPAPER (PRINT VERSION)

In text, if the article does not have an author, you have to use the tittle. Put the title in quotes. Author, A. A. (Date published). Title of article. Name of Newspaper [City[if not included in Newspaper name]], pp. xx-xx. 

EXAMPLE:   

Sebastian, S. (2010, June 28). Ukraine joins to the OTAN after winning the war. La Nacion, pp. 1C, 2A

NEWSPAPER (ELECTRONIC  VERSION)

Give the URL of the newspaper when the site it's still available.

Author, A. A. (Date published). Title of article. Title of Newspaper [City], pp. xx-xx. URL of newspaper's home page


EXAMPLE: 

    

Kenia, C. (2003,september 28).  Economic crisis due to the increase in the price of petroleum. The City, pp. 21-33. https://www.thecitynewspaper.com/petroleumcrisis74904379/891861   


WEB PAGE

With author:     

 Laura, D. (2007). Benefits of eating raw carrots.  https://www.healthyb.com/carrotssection74904379/891861         


Without author (tittle):

Benefits of eating raw carrots (2007). carrots.  https://www.healthyb.com/carrotssection74904379/891861   


Without date (name of the site, tittle):     

 Healthy Bible. (n.d.).Benefits of eating raw carrots  carrots.  https://www.healthybible.com/carrotssection74904379/891861   

NOTE: n.d. means no date.

YOUTUBE
If both the real name of the person who posted the video and the screen name are known:

Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. http://xxxxxxxxx

If only the screen name of the person who posted the video is known:  
Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. http://xxxxxxxxx

And that would be for our APA lesson.


Reference
Sacramento, R. M. (2022) APA References.American Psychological Association APA (uia.ac.cr)



















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